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精密铸件的热处理

Heat Treatment of Precision Castings

    由于精密铸件目的不同，热处理的非常多，基本主要可分成两大类，第一类是组织构造不会经由热处理而发生变化或者也不应该发生改变的，第二是基本的组织结构发生变化。第一热处理程序，主要用于消除内应力，而此内应力系在不锈钢铸造过程中由于冷却状况及条件不同而引起。组织、强度及其他机械性质等，不因热处理而发生明显变化。 

Due to the different purposes of precision castings and the great variety of heat treatments, they can be basically divided into two categories. The first is that the structure of precision castings does not change or should not change through heat treatment, and the second is that the basic structure changes. The first heat treatment procedure is mainly used to eliminate internal stress, which is caused by different cooling conditions and conditions in the process of stainless steel casting. Microstructure, strength and other mechanical properties do not change significantly due to heat treatment.  

对于第二类热处理而主，基地组织发生了明显的改变，可大致分为五类： 

For the second type of heat treatment, Al-Qaida has undergone significant changes, which can be roughly divided into five categories:

1、软化退火：其目的主要在于分解碳化物，将其硬度降低，而提高加工性能，对于球墨铸铁而言，其目的在于获得更多的铁素体组织。

1. Softening annealing: Its main purpose is to decompose carbides, reduce their hardness, and improve processing performance. For ductile iron, its purpose is to obtain more ferrite structure.

2、正火处理：主要目的是获得珠光体和索氏体组织提高不锈钢铸造的机械性能。

2. Normalizing treatment: The main purpose is to obtain pearlite and sorbite structure to improve the mechanical properties of stainless steel casting.

3、淬火处理：主要为了获得更高的硬度或磨耗强度，同时的到甚高的表面耐磨特性。 

3. Quenching treatment: Mainly in order to obtain higher hardness or abrasion strength, and at the same time to a very high surface wear resistance.  

4、表面硬化处理：主要为获得表面硬化层，同时得到甚高的表面耐磨特性。 

4. Surface hardening treatment: The main purpose is to obtain surface hardening layer, while obtaining very high surface wear resistance.  

 5、析出硬化处理：主要是为获得高强度而伸长率并不因而发生激烈的改变。

5. Precipitation hardening: The elongation does not change drastically for high strength.