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不锈钢精密铸造发展历史

Development history of stainless steel precision casting

熔模精密铸造是在古代蜡模铸造的基础上发展起来的。作为文明古国，中国是使用这一技术较早的国家之一，远在公元前数百年，我国古代劳动人民就创造了这种失蜡铸造技术，用来铸造带有各种精细花纹和文字的钟鼎及器皿等制品，如春秋时的曾侯乙墓尊盘等。曾侯乙墓尊盘底座为多条相互缠绕的龙，它们首尾相连，上下交错，形成中间镂空的多层云纹状图案，这些图案用普通铸造工艺很难制造出来，而用失蜡法铸造工艺，可以利用石蜡没有强度、易于雕刻的特点，用普通工具就可以雕刻出与所要得到的曾侯乙墓尊盘一样的石蜡材质的工艺品，然后再附加浇注系统，涂料、脱蜡、浇注，就可以得到精美的曾侯乙墓尊盘。

Investment casting is developed on the basis of wax pattern casting in ancient times. As an ancient civilized country, China is one of the countries that used this technology earlier. As far back as centuries BC, the ancient working people in China created this lost wax casting technology, which was used to cast clocks, tripods and utensils with various fine patterns and characters, such as the Chunqiu Zeng Hou Yi tomb plate. The pedestal of the grave of Zeng Houyi is a series of intertwined dragons, which are interlaced at the top and bottom to form a multi-layer moire pattern in the middle. These patterns are difficult to be made by ordinary casting technology, but the paraffin wax casting technology can be used to make them without strength and easy to carve. The exquisite Zeng Hou Yi tomb tray can be obtained by carving the same paraffin material as the tray of Zeng Hou Yi tomb, and then adding pouring system, coating, dewaxing and pouring.

现代熔模铸造方法在工业生产中得到实际应用是在二十世纪四十年代。当时航空喷气发动机的发展，要求制造象叶片、叶轮、喷嘴等形状复杂，尺寸精确以及表面光洁的耐热合金零件。由于耐热合金材料难于机械加工，零件形状复杂，以致不能或难于用其它方法制造，因此，需要寻找一种新的精密的成型工艺，于是借鉴古代流传下来的失蜡铸造，经过对材料和工艺的改进，现代熔模铸造方法在古代工艺的基础上获得重要的发展。所以，航空工业的发展推动了熔模铸造的应用，而熔模铸造的不断改进和完善，也为航空工业进一步提高性能创造了有利的条件。

The modern investment casting method was applied in industrial production in 1940s. The development of jet engines at that time required the manufacture of heat-resistant alloy parts with complex shapes, precise sizes and smooth surfaces, such as blades, impellers and nozzles. Because the heat-resistant alloy material is difficult to machine and the shape of the parts is complex, so it is impossible or difficult to manufacture by other methods. Therefore, it is necessary to find a new precise molding process. Therefore, drawing lessons from the lost wax casting handed down from ancient times, through the improvement of material and technology, the modern investment casting method is based on the ancient technology. On the basis of important development. Therefore, the development of aviation industry has promoted the application of investment casting, and the continuous improvement and perfection of investment casting has created favorable conditions for further improving the performance of aviation industry.

我国是于20世纪五六十年代开始将熔模铸造应用于工业生产。其后这种先进的铸造工艺得到巨大的发展，相继在航空、汽车、机床、船舶、内燃机、气轮机、电讯仪器、武器、医疗器械以及刀具等制造工业中被广泛采用，同时也用于工艺美术品的制造。

China began to apply investment casting in industrial production in 50s and 60s twentieth Century. Since then, this advanced casting technology has been greatly developed, and has been widely used in aviation, automobiles, machine tools, ships, internal combustion engines, gas turbines, telecommunications instruments, weapons, medical devices and cutting tools, and other manufacturing industries, but also for the manufacture of Arts and crafts.